刚提完一个问题,是关于 as expected 的,我忽然想到另一个一样的问题,那就是 as...as expected。譬如:
The damage wasn’t quite as bad as expected.
The lawyer’s questioning of the witness did not go on as long as expected.
The level of competence among hospital staff was not as high as expected.
请问这里的 as expected 是什么成分?它是什么东西的省略?谢谢!
传统语法将你上一个问题中的as expected剖析为非限制性定语从句,将这里的as expected .同一性质(tall)不同程度
Tom isas tallas John .同一性质(tall)相同程度
Tom singsbetterthan he dances .不同性质(sing/dance)不同程度
Tom singsas wellas he dances . 不同性质(sing/dance)相同程度
Ambitions areasmodest as the plains is flat. 不同性质(modest/flat)相同程度。比喻使用方法。
这种比较结构中的被比较项用下划线标出,从句中的相应成分(its counterpart)需要空缺。即从句中需要缺少主句中划线部分所充当的成分。也就是说,比较从句需要是不完整的(incomplete).
上述五个句子中,1、二句中从句缺少与主句中划线部分相对应的表语成分,加上tall就是语法错误。3、四句中从句缺少与主句中划线部分相对应的方法状语,加上well或其他任何方法状语都是语法错误。第五句中从句缺少主句中划线部分的形容词的程度状语,加上very或其他任何程度状语都是语法错误。上面五个从句中的空缺的成分是需要的(obligatory). 这就是比较从句的不完整性。从句可以省略,省略的东西都可以还原,譬如1、二句中的is假如没,是省略。但表语的空缺不是省略,因此没办法还原。
以上内容主要讲解比较从句需要是不完整的,即主句中的被比较的对象所充当的成分需要在从句中空出来(即gap--缺位)。但其次,从句又会省略不少与主句相同的成分。比如:
The water today is as cold as yesterday.
这句话中从句就省略了和主句相同的主语和系词it was.省略的东西是可以还原的,因此大家也可以说:
The water today is as cold as it was yesterday.
但主句的表语是比较对象,因此从句中就不可以出现表语,需要空出这个成分。加上表语就是语法错误。如下句是不对的。
The water today is as cold as it was cold yesterday.
目前回到你的问题。仅需讲解第一句就好了,其它二句类推。
as expected省略了从句的成分。大家还原一下:
The damage wasn’t quite as bad as expected. =
The damage wasnt quite as bad as it had been expected that the damage would be.
这是还原后的比较从句。其中it是从句的形式主语,that从句是比较状语从句中的真的主语从句。这个主语从句中的表语缺位,(需要空出,不可以填补。在语义上由主句中的被比较项填补)。因为that从句和主句的主语及系词相同,因此省略这个that从句,形式主语it也没了存在的借口一块省略,得到:
The damage wasnt quite as bad as had been expected.
注意:这个时候假如在as后加it也是错误。
had been进一步省略,得到:
The damage wasnt quite as bad as expected.
因此,as expected是一个省略了成分的比较状语从句。